In 1926, Austrian physicist Erwin Rudolph Joseph Alexander Schrödinger presented a mathematical concept of wave-particle dualism. He thought that the…
Areej Z.
For a chemical reaction to go on, one of the most important controlling factors is reactants concentration. As the reactant…
The Hamiltonian operator is a quantum mechanical operator with energy as eigenvalues. It corresponds to the total energy inside a…
The zeroth law of thermodynamics states that; “If two bodies are in thermal equilibrium with a third body, they are…
Entropy is a measure of the dispersal of energy at a specific temperature from the system to the surrounding…
Intensive and extensive properties are the two types of physical properties. The properties which can be observed and measured easily…
The energy of a system is its capacity to do work. When work is done on an isolated system the…
In order to study thermodynamics, the universe is divided into two parts, the system, and the surrounding. The part of…
Oxidation number or oxidation state is defined as the charge an atom has in a molecule or compound. It is…
Enthalpy (H) of a thermodynamic system is an energy-like state function property that is equal to the total internal energy…