Bragg’s Law [nλ = 2d sinθ]: A Relationship Between (d & λ)
Bragg’s law was first proposed by Sir William Bragg and his son Sir Lawrence Bragg. They studied the diffraction of X-rays on various surfaces and [...]
Coordination Isomerism
Isomerism is the existence of multiple chemical compounds with the same chemical composition but different structures and properties. This phenomenon is not limited to organic [...]
Naming Coordination Compounds
Coordination compounds are made of central metal atom/ion(s), surrounded by a specified number of ligands. The ligands can be atoms, ions, or molecules and are [...]
Coordination Number
Coordination number, or ligancy, refers to the number of atoms, molecules, or ions (ligands) bonded to the central atom or ion through coordinate/dative covalent bond. [...]
d-d Transitions: The Reason Behind Colored Complexes
Coordination compounds exhibit unique visible colors. The reason behind this is the crystal field splitting of d-orbitals of the central metal atom. The electrons present [...]
Types of Ligands and their Examples
Ligands are atoms, molecules, or ions that have non-bonded (lone pairs) electrons attached to the central transitional metal atom through coordinate bonds to form a [...]
Factors affecting Crystal Field Splitting
Crystal field theory explains interactions between ligands and transition metal atoms. When ligands approach the free metals atoms, it breaks the degeneracy of their d-orbitals. [...]
Jahn-Teller Distortion: The Stability Phenomenon
Hermann Jahn and Edward Teller in 1937 offered a theorem that stated; “A non-linear molecular system in an electronic degenerate state will undergo distortion that [...]
Paramagnetic vs. Diamagnetic Substances
Atoms that have unpaired electrons in their orbitals are said to be paramagnetic. Such substances show weak attraction towards the external magnetic field by a [...]
Singlet vs. Triplet State
Singlet state is attributed to the appearance of a single spectral line. This occurs because all of the electrons are paired. Originally, the singlet state [...]
