Nicotine Pouches: Usage & Side-effects
Nicotine is a chemical substance present in tobacco products and their derivatives. After usage, it reaches the brain within seconds and increases the release of [...]
Water Soluble Vitamins: Vitamin C and B Complex
Vitamins are important to maintain biological functions in the human body. They have two main groups, fat-soluble vitamins that can be stored in fat, and [...]
Capillary Action: Explanation, Derivation, Examples
Capillary action is the movement of liquid in the upward direction with the solid surface. This is caused by the attraction between the molecules of [...]
Types of Enzyme Inhibition and Inhibitors
Inhibitors are the compounds that block the enzyme activity either temporarily or permanently. They interact with certain groups in the enzymes and reduce or stop [...]
Edman Degradation: Chemistry, Steps, Limitations, Uses
Edman degradation is a chemical method developed by a biochemist, Pehr Edman in 1950. This process is used for labeling or purification of proteins by [...]
Osmotic Pressure: Determination and Applications
Osmotic pressure is one of the colligative properties of the solution. If two solutions at different concentrations are separated by a semi-permeable membrane, it allows [...]
Anomeric Carbon: The alpha-beta Anomerization
Anomeric carbon is the carbonyl carbon (aldehydic or ketonic functional group) of open chain carbohydrates which becomes the stereogenic center upon cyclization. Anomers are the [...]
Mutarotation: The α,β Sugars Interconversion
Mutarotation, discovered by Augustin Pierre Dubrunfaut in 1844, is the interconversion of alpha(α) and beta(β) anomeric forms of cyclic sugars. This interconversion is the change [...]
Alpha(α) and Beta(β) Glucose: Comparison, Structures, Explanation
Glucose, also known as dextrose is the most common simple sugar (monosaccharide). It has two isomeric structures, i.e. dextrose-(D) glucose and Lactose-(L) glucose. The dextrose-(D) [...]
Acetal vs. Hemiacetal: Synthesis, Examples, Uses
Acetal and Hemiacetal are the main classes of carbohydrates i.e. organic compounds that differ in their functionality based on differences in the number of ether [...]
