Enolates: Preparation, Stability, and Reactions
Enolates are important organic reactive intermediates. They have the dual characteristics of both alkoxide and carbanion. Enolates can be synthesized from carbonyl compounds, such as [...]
Carbene: Types, Preparation, and Reactions
A carbene is a highly reactive intermediate that contains six valence electrons on the carbon atom. It is formed in a basic medium and acts [...]
Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation: Derivation and Applications
The Henderson-Hasselbalch equation is a mathematical expression used to find out the pH of buffer solutions. This equation relates pH, dissociation of a weak acid, [...]
Sp3 Hybridization: Geometry and Bond angles (with Examples)
Hybridization is the process of intermixing atomic orbitals in such a way as to form a new hybridized orbital. In simple words, hybridization is the [...]
Electron Affinity (E.A): Factors and Trends
Electron affinity (E.A) is the amount of energy released when an electron is added to a neutral gaseous atom or molecule to form a negative [...]
Conjugated Dienes: Preparation, Properties, and Reactions
Conjugated dienes are a class of organic compounds which contain carbon-carbon double bond (C=C ) units joined by a single bond. These dienes are more [...]
Hydrogen Bond: Types, Strength, Effects & Examples
A hydrogen bond is an intermolecular force of attraction between two molecules. It is weaker than covalent and ionic bonds. However, stronger than van der [...]
Ozonolysis: History, Types, and Examples
In organic chemistry, ozonolysis is a class of chemical reactions in which ozone is employed for the oxidative or reductive cleavage of organic compounds. However, [...]
Markovnikov’s Rule: Explanation with Examples
In organic chemistry, Markovnikov’s rule is a principle that governs the addition of a proton (H+) or a Lewis acid to an alkene or alkyne, the [...]
Carbocation Rearrangement
If there is any possibility of the formation of more than one carbonation, then the less stable carbocation is transformed into the more stable one [...]
